1)\frac{8c}{c^{2}-b^{2}}+ \frac{8}{b-c}= \frac{8c}{(c-b)(c+b)}- \frac{8}{c-b}= \frac{8c-8c-8b}{(c-b)(c+b)}=- \frac{8}{(c-b)(c+b)}= \frac{8}{(b-c)(b+c)}= \frac{8}{b^{2}-c^{2}}\\\\\frac{8}{(-2)^{2}-(-3)^{2}}= \frac{8}{4-9}=- \frac{8}{5}=-1,6\\\\2)\frac{1}{t+p}+ \frac{3tp}{t^{3}+p^{3}}= \frac{1}{t+p}+ \frac{3tp}{(t+p)(t^{2}-tp+p^{2})}= \frac{t^{2}-tp+p^{2}+3tp}{(t+p)(t^{2}-tp+p^{2})}= \frac{t^{2}+2tp+p^{2}}{(t+p)(t^{2}-tp+p^{2})}= \frac{(t+p)^{2}} {(t+p)(t^{2}-tp+p^{2})}=\frac{t+p}{t^{2}-tp+p^{2}}