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Phonetic Alphabet "Zhuyin Fu Hao" was established in China from 1912 to 1913.
Consisting of 37 special symbols to generate sounds. It is often called "Bopomofo" by the first four letters of the alphabet.
Originally called system goi'n tszymu' (Chin. "National letters for pronunciation") or chzhui'n tszymu' (Chin. "Letters to represent sounds"). Based on the system of shorthand Zhang Binlinya. The project was prepared by July 11, 1913 by the National Ministry of Education of Republic of China, but officially published on November 23, 1918. In April 1930 Zhuyin Zimu was renamed Zhuyin Fuhai. After 1949 Zhuyin is still used in Taiwan.
In 1958 China (PRC) was formally adopted the Latin alphabet - Pinyin (PINYIN). Contains all the letters of the alphabet, except for V, and added the letter Ü (U umlaut), a total of 26 characters. Pinyin - a phonetic alphabet for Mandarin. In every Chinese pinyin sound corresponds to a certain Latin letters or combination of letters.
Detail of the "translation" of characters using the pinyin.
Pinyin is the official status at the UN.
Since 2009, Pinyin officially used in Taiwan.
Pinyin is based on the "Romanized alphabet", developed in 1926-1928 a group of leading Chinese linguists, alphabetic writing based on the Latin alphabet, created in 1928-1931 in the USSR and later alphabetic system of Wade-Giles (developed with regard to the Soviet and Chinese Latinized alphabets ).