Замена:

0" alt="2^{x}=t>0" align="absmiddle" class="latex-formula">

0" alt="t^{2}-3t-4=0, D=9+16=25>0" align="absmiddle" class="latex-formula">

0" alt="t_{1}=4>0" align="absmiddle" class="latex-formula">

- посторонний корень
Вернемся к замене:
т.к. равны основания степени, то равны и показатели:
Ответ: 2