На python:
def CountVowel(string):
countVowel = 0;
for i in string:
if i == 'а' or i == 'е' or i == 'ё' or i == 'и' or i == 'о' or i == 'у' or i == 'ы' or i == 'э' or i == 'ю' or i == 'я':
countVowel+=1
return countVowel
lst = ['кошка','кофе','телевизор','автомобиль']
rang = range(len(lst))
for i in rang:
lst[i] = CountVowel(lst[i])
print(lst)