Что значит "аспект" ?
И, я так понимаю, при переводе "экзаменуют" нужно использовать "ask" ?
1) Здесь Passive voice, Continuous Present (действие происходит в данный момент)
The student is being asked. Please, don't disturb !
2) Тоже Passive voice, но просто Present Simple (как факт)
Students are asked two time in year
3) Passive voice, Past Simple
The clause (or article) was typed yesterday
4) Passive voice, Present Perfect (результат)
The article have already been typed
5) Passive voice, Past Perfect (результат)
The article had been typed by 7 o'clock yesterday
6) Passive voice, Past Continuous
The article was being typed in this time yesterday
7) Passive voice, Future Simple
The letter will be sent tomorrow
8) Passive voice, Future Perfect
The Letter will have been sent by 7 tomorrow