| (had studied) hard for the test, but | still (failed).
| (hurried) to the phone, but the caller (had hung) up.
| (arrived) home late because there (had been) a lot of traffic.
| had never seen such a beautiful beach before | (went) to Kauai.
On his last trip there, Brendan (knew) Boston so well because he (had visited) the city several times.