1. Na₂CO₃+Ca(OH)₂= CaCO₃↓ +2NaOH
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻ = CaCO₃↓ +2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻
CO₃²⁻ + Ca²⁺ = CaCO₃↓
2. Pb(NO₃)₂+Na₂S= PbS↓ + 2NaNO₃
Pb²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + 2Na⁺ + S²⁻= PbS↓ + 2Na⁺ + 2NO₃⁻
Pb²⁺+ S²⁻= PbS↓
3. 3Ca(NO₃)₂+2K₃PO₄=Ca₃(PO₄)₂↓ + 6KNO₃
3Ca²⁺ + 6NO₃⁻ + 6K⁺ + 2PO₄³⁻ = Ca₃(PO₄)₂↓ + 6K⁺ + 6NO₃⁻
3Ca²⁺ + 2PO₄³⁻ = Ca₃(PO₄)₂↓
4. KCl+AgNO₃ = AgCI↓ + KNO₃
K⁺ + Cl⁻ + Ag⁺ + NO₃⁻ = AgCI↓ + K⁺ + NO₃⁻
Cl⁻ + Ag⁺ = AgCI↓