4)
ОДЗ:
x² - 3x + 2 ≠ 0
D = 9 - 8 = 1
x ≠ (3 ± 1)/2 ⇔ x ≠ {1; 2}
x² - x - 2 = 0
D = 1 + 8 = 9
x = (1 ± 3)/2
x₁ = 2 ∉ ОДЗ
x₂ = -1
Ответ: -1
5)
x³ + x² - x - 1 = 0
x²(x + 1) - (x + 1) = 0
(x + 1)(x² - 1) = 0
(x + 1)(x + 1)(x - 1) = 0
x₁ = -1; x₂ = 1
Ответ: ±1