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DEVELOPMENT OF MASS TOURISM
The most significant economic change for many countries of the
world has been the development of mass tourism since World War II.
Tourism is a risky business: capital investment can be considerable,
whereas the season in which to recoup expenditure may be short and can
be disrupted by economic difficulties within a country and in
neighboring countries or by cool; rainy weather in summer. Furthermore,
there is fierce competition to attract tourists, not only among different
countries but also among the resorts within each country.
Tourism is a growing industry and one of the largest sources of
foreign exchange. Enormous sums of money are injected into the
economies of some nations by winter and summer tourism. Employment
opportunities in the service sector increase substantially. The tourist
trade is one of most important sources of employment and revenue and is
served by numerous hotels and boardinghouses, youth hostels,
restaurants, and retail businesses. Many cities are also important centers
for international conferences and exhibitions.
The number of tourists increases steadily. In some countries,
though, tourism has not been at the heart of their economies, so the lack
of facilities make travel in them a rugged experience. Nevertheless, it is
becoming a part of governmental policies in those countries to include
provisions for paved highways and hotel construction in each successive
development plan. Thus, the tourist industry has been actively
encouraged by the authorities. Luxury establishments are developed for
wealthy foreigners. Many workers find employment in tourism, now
continuous through all seasons in many countries, binding the cities'
economies ever more firmly to tourism. Tourism supports the many
small businesses that provide food, lodging, fuel, and other supplies and
services.