Алканы:
1)CH4+Cl2=(hv)CH3Cl++HCl;
2)2CH3Cl+2Na=CH3-CH3+NaCl;
3)CH3-CH3+Cl2=(hv)CH3-CH2Cl-CH3+HCl;
4)CH3-CH2Cl+2Na=CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3;
5)CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3=(Al2O3)CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3.
Алкены:
1)CH2-CH2-CH3=(Ni,t) CH2=CH-CH3+H2;
2)CH2=CH-CH3+HCl=CH3-CHCl-CH3;
3)CH3-CHCl-CH3+KOH=(Спиртовой раствор,t) CH2=CH-CH3+KCl+H2O;
4)CH2=CH-CH3+H2=(Ni,t) CH3-CH2-CH3.
Алкадиены:
1)2CH3Br+2Na=CH3-CH3+NaBr;
2)CH3-CH3=(Ni,t)CH2=CH2+H2;
3)2CH3-CH2-OH=(Al2O3,ZnO)CH2=CH-CH=CH2+H2O+H2;
4)nCH2=CH-CH=CH2=(Кат.) [-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-]n.
Алкины:
1)CH3-CH3+Cl2=(hv)CH3-CH2Cl+HCl;
2)CH3-CH2Cl+KOH=(Cпиртовой раствор,t) CH2=CH2+KCl+H2O;
3)CH2=CH2+Br2=CH2Br-CH2Br;
4)CH2Br-CH2Br+2KOH=(Cпиртовой раствор,t) CH≡CH+2KBr+2H2O.
Арены:
1)CaC2+H2O=CH≡CH+Ca(OH)2;
2)3C≡CH=(C(активированный,t) C6H6;
3)C6H6+CH2=CH2=(H+)C6H5C2H5;
4)C6H5C2H5=(Ni,t) C6H5CH=CH2.