Очень плохо оформлен вопрос, хоть бы запятыми разделили. Но попробую разобрать.
a capital city -- a city where the President of the country lives and works
a place from where people fly into space -- a cosmodrome
a big place where many people live -- a city
a village -- a small place where people live
a border -- a line between two countries
there are planets, the sun and stars there -- space