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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACK
The two rails of a track produce a most economical path for the smooth passage of heavily loaded vehicles at great speed. Sleepers or ties hold the two rails at the exact distance or gauge throughout and transfer the loads from the rails to the ballast. The ballast provides a resilient bed, keeps the sleepers in the correct position and at the correct level, distributes the load from the sleepers to a large area on the bed or formation of the track and drains off rainwater. The rails are fixed to the sleepers with various types of fittings, which depend on the type of the rail used, and on various other considerations. 23 rails, which are manufactured in standard lengths, are joined together with fishplates or joint bars through which fish bolts or track bolts are threaded.
The combination of rails, sleepers, fittings, ballast, etc., is known as the track or permanent way.
A railway track is required to bear very heavy loads and to permit such loads to move in safety at high speed.