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D.I. Mendeleyev
Famous Russian Scientists.
The father of one of the greatest generalization in chemistry – the Periodic Table of Elements – Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev was born in 1834 in the town of Tobolsk (Siberia), in the family of the director of the town Gymnasium. He received a secondary education at the Tobolsk Gymnasium and then entered the Petersburg Pedagogical Institute, from which he graduated with a gold medal in 1857. After graduation he worked as a teacher for two years, first in the Simferopol and then Odessa Gymnasiums.
In 1859 he presented his theses, received his master’s degree and then went abroad on a two year scientific commission, during which he took part in the World Chemical Congress in Karlsruhe (1860). Upon his return to Odessa he was elected professor of the Petersburg Technological Institute and two years later professor of the Petersburg University where he carried on his scientific and pedagogical activities for twenty-three years.
In 1893 Mendeleyev was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures. At the same time he carried on a great deal of scientific and literary work. In 1906 he issued a book under the title “Contribution to the Knowledge of Russia” which contained profound thoughts as to the trends for the further development of Russian industry and the Russian national economy.
The greatest result of Mendeleyev’s creative effort was the discovery of the Periodic Law and the drawing up of the Periodic Table of Elements.
One of Mendeleyev’s prominent works is his book “Principles of Chemistry” in which inorganic chemistry was for the first time explained from the standpoint of the Periodic Law.
Of other works by Mendeleyev the most important are: “On the Combination of Alcohol withWater” and “Investigations of Aqueous Solutions by their Specific Gravity”. His works embrace various fields of science – chemistry, physics, physical chemistry, geophysics.
A great scientist, Mendeleyev was a good citizen and patriot as well, who devoted his life and energies to the progress of his country’s science and industry.