1) Does discussion of human rights date back to the earliest civilisations - общий
2) Dicussion of human rights dates back to the earliest civilisations, does not it? - разделительный.
3) How far does the discussion of human rights date back? - специальный.
4) Does the discussion of human rights date back to the earliest or to the modern civilisations? - альтернативный ( вопрос с or)
5) What dates back to the earliest civilisations? - к подлежащему