Ex.9 1 The first English newspapers began when Englishmen began to understand the world around them, beyond the boundaries of their own villages or towns. 2 From early times three methods of circulations of news had been known: the proclamation, issued by the king or government,to inform the people about laws and posted up on the church door;the sermon, preached by the clergy; and various kinds of popular ballads,poems, songs and rhymes sold in the streets or sung in the taverns to celebrate events such as the birth or marriage of a prince or princess, victory in a battle and so on. 3The travelling packmen brought news to the villages. 4The great and wealthy people got the news from the first written news service. 5 To keep in touch with the news the rich employed the private news-writers called Intelligencers,to send them regular bulletins of the gossip of the town. 6 It is common to refer to newspapers and to the journalists who work for them as the <<press>> because of the invention of the printing press.