James cook (1728 – 1779) Explorer, Navigator, discoverer, and committed three trips around the world, the cartographer.James was born on 27 October 1728 in the village of Marton in the English County of Yorkshire. To attend school cook began when his family moved to great Ayton. After studying five years, he worked on his father's farm. And in 18 years, James became a cabin boy.The first expedition of James cook was the journey from London to Newcastle.All my free time cook spent engaging in self-education: he studied maps, astronomy, geography and mathematics. In 1755 he began to serve in the Royal Navy, preferring the hard work of sailor offered the position of captain on a private vessel. Participated in the Seven years war, and then moved away from the fighting, but continued to make maps. For successful work he was appointed captain of the ship "Newfoundland". If we consider the short biography of cook, in 1762, was followed by his return to England. There he married Elizabeth Batts.But the biggest achievements are considered to be cook's three voyages, during which was significantly updated maps. The first world expedition took place from 1768 to 1771. Cook like a skilled seaman, was appointed captain of the only ship in the expedition – "endeavour". In April 1769 the team arrived in Tahiti, where he established peaceful relations with the natives.There cook conducted astronomical observations. The team then headed to New Zealand, and then to the coast of Australia. The ship was damaged reefs, but the captain continued to move to the Strait from New Guinea. Repairing a ship in Indonesia, the cook went to Cape town and then to London.Second voyage round the world J. cook took place from 1772 to 1775. This time was allocated two ships "resolution", "excitement of adventure". The expedition began on July 13, 1772 . In January of 1773 for the first time in the world was crossed by the Antarctic circle. During one of the storms the two ships lost visibility to each other, and was found only in the Gulf of Charlotte. The team then visited Tahiti, the island of Friendship. Near New Zealand the ships again parted, so that the "excitement of adventure" returned to London, and Cooke went further. He crossed the Antarctic circle, visited Easter island, the Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, the Island of Friendship, discovered New Caledonia, South Georgia and returned to London.Then from 1776 to 1779 was held the third voyage of cook. On two ships "resolution" and "discovery" expedition began in the summer of 1776. The team opened the Kerguelen island. Then the expedition arrived in Tasmania, New Zealand, the Islands of the Friendship. After that, in the biography of James cook opened Christmas island, Hawaiian Islands. Ships bypassed the Western part of North America, came to Alaska. After crossing the Arctic circle, came in the Chukchi sea. Turning, the team came to the Aleutian Islands, and to Hawaiian idea. There is the attitude of Hawaiians to the sailors became openly hostile, and on 14 February 1779, despite the fact that cook tried to maintain peaceful relations in one of the skirmishes he was killed.