Augustus [comm. 1] (lat Octavianus Augustus [ɔk.taː.wiaː.nʊs au̯gʊs.tʊs], at birth - Gaius Octavius Furin, Gaius Octavius Thurinus;... September 23, 63 BC, Rome - August 19, 14 AD. ., Nola) - Roman politician, founder of the Roman Empire. 13 times he served as consul (43 BC. E., 33 BC. E., Each year from 31 to 23 BC. E., 5 BC. E., 2 BC. E.), With '12 BC. e. - Pontifex Maximus, from 23 BC. e. have the authority Tribune (tribunicia potestas), in 2 BC. e. He received the honorary title of "father of the fatherland» (pater patriae).
Place of the base things of a rich family, accounted grandnephew of Caesar. In 44 BC. e. It has been adopted by them at will and at the center of the political life of the Roman Republic, with the support of many of Caesar's supporters. In 43 BC. e. tsezariantsami with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the second triumvirate created to deal with common opponents. After victories over Marcus Brutus and Sextus Pompey between the triumvirs, the struggle for power, which ended the war between Antony and Octavian.
In 27-23 years BC. e. Octavian concentrated in their hands a number of regular and emergency posts, which allowed him to control the Roman state, avoiding the establishment of an open monarchy. For the characteristics of the new system uses the term "Principate" and is considered the first emperor Octavian in the modern sense of the word. During his reign, Octavian greatly expanded the borders of the Roman state, including in its membership a large area on the Rhine and the Danube, in Spain, as well as Egypt, Judea and Galatia. The active foreign policy was made possible thanks to the development of the economy, the development of provincial and military reform. Board Octavian marked decrease in the influence of the Roman Senate on the policy and the birth of emperor worship (including manifestations of the latter - the renaming of one of the months in August). Since the emperor had no sons, during his reign, he considered various possible successors. In the end, he left power to his stepson Tiberius, Augustus and founded the dynasty Julio-Claudian rule of the Roman Empire up to 68 year.