Помогите перевести пожалуйста!! The Slavonic written language came
to Rus from Bulgaria
in the 9th century. Towards the end of this century the replacement of
religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.
Between the 10th and 13th centuries
Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the
Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous
cultural treasures were accumulated. The written works of the time show that
the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient
Greece.
Monasteries were cultural and
educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making
shops, in which not only church manuscripts were
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copied and translated but original books were
written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high
culture and knowledge.
2.
In
pre-revolutionary Russia
there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless
illiteracy among common people was very high. Well-off people taught their
children in grammar schools, commercial schools or secondary schools teaching
no classics.
There were also schools for nobles
only. Entrance to those schools was limited. For example, at lycee where A.S.
Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only
boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were
admitted and studied there for six years. They were taught many different
subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography,
mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages as
French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts
and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this
school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those
who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of
their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their
state.
3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the first University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov
and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other
big cities of the country.