a) Ca(OH)₂+2HNO₃→Ca(NO₃)₂+2H₂O
2+ - + - 2+ -
Ca+2OH+2H+2NO3→Ca+2NO₃+2H₂O
- +
2OH+2H→2H2O
б) AlCl₃+3KOH→Al(OH₃)↓+3KCl
3+ - + - + -
Al+3Cl+3K+3OH→Al(OH₃)↓+3K+3Cl
3+ -
Al+3OH→Al(OH₃)↓
в) K₂CO₃+2HCl→ 2KCl+ H₂O +CO₂↑
+ 2- + - + -
2K+CO₃+2H+2Cl→ 2K+2Cl+ H₂O +CO₂↑
2- +
CO₃+2H→ H₂O +CO₂↑
г) 3MgSO₄+ 2K₃PO₄→Mg₃(PO₄)₂↓+ 3K₂SO₄
2+ 2- + 3- + 2-
3Mg+3SO4+6K+2PO4→Mg₃(PO₄)₂↓+3K+3SO4
2+ 3-
3Mg+2PO4→Mg₃(PO₄)₂↓