№1 Введем замену
сложим первое и второе уравнения
Вернемся к замене
\ \left \{ {{5x+3y=4} \atop {7x-y=4}} \right.\ <=>\ \left \{ {{5x+3y=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.\ <=>\\\ <=>\ \left \{ {{5x+3(7x-4)=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{5x+21x-12=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.\ <=>\ \left \{ {{26x=16} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\\\ <=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=7*\frac{8}{13}-4}} \right. " alt="\left \{ {{5x+3y=4} \atop {\frac{4}{7x-y}=1}} \right.\ <=>\ \left \{ {{5x+3y=4} \atop {7x-y=4}} \right.\ <=>\ \left \{ {{5x+3y=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.\ <=>\\\ <=>\ \left \{ {{5x+3(7x-4)=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{5x+21x-12=4} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.\ <=>\ \left \{ {{26x=16} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\\\ <=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=7x-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=7*\frac{8}{13}-4}} \right. " align="absmiddle" class="latex-formula">\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=4\frac{4}{13}-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=\frac{4}{13}}} \right." alt="<=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=4\frac{4}{13}-4}} \right.<=>\ \left \{ {{x=\frac{8}{13}} \atop {y=\frac{4}{13}}} \right." align="absmiddle" class="latex-formula">
№2
x²-2x-3=0
(x²-2x+1)-4=0
(x-1)²-4=0
(x-1-2)(x-1+2)=0
(x-3)(x+1)=0
x-3=0 или x+1=0
x=3 x=-1