1) (а-4)(а+2)+4 = а² + 2а - 4а - 8 + 4 = а² - 2а - 4 = (а² - 2а - 3) - 1.
а² - 2а - 3
D = 4 - 4*(-3)=4+12=16=4²
a₁=(2-4)/2 = -1; a₂=(2+4)/2=3
a² - 2a - 3 = (a -(-1))(a - 3) = (a+1)(a-3)
(а-4)(а+2)+4 = (а² - 2а - 3) - 1 = (a+1)(a-3) - 1
б) (a+b)² + (a-b)² = a²+2ab+b²+a²-2ab+b² = 2a²+2b² = 2(a²+b²)