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При встрече испанского короля Филиппа V в Мадриде в 1701 году 500 придворных дам украсились в его честь огромными очками черепаховых оправах, хотя никаких жалоб на зрение у них не было.На Московской Руси сведения об очках впервые возникают в первой трети 17 века.только в конце 18 века появились очки в современном варианте, которые держались на ушах. Дужки очков с помощью шарниров крепились к оправе. Вначале они даже не загибались за уши. Дужки могли крепиться за парик, или за них привязывали шнурок.С возникновением книгопечатания очки быстро завоевали популярность среди населения.Очки для чтения были изобретены в Италии в XIII веке. создателем первых очков считается Сальвино Д'Армате. Совершенствование технологии привело в 18 веке к возникновению мануфактурного производства очков. Качество стекол и оправ, изготовленных таким способом было невысокое.. Очки делались под девизом "побольше и подешевле". Продавались эти "промышленные" очки в основном через бродячих торговцев. Типичными очками того времени были Нюрнбергские очки с оправой из проволоки.Первые линзы на очках были круглыми. К концу 18-го века появились и овальные, изредка встречались также прямоугольные линзы.днако, сначала люди приняли новое изобретение настороженно. Некоторые называли очки "проклятым инструментом дьявола". И не сразу в обществе однозначно было воспринято ношение очков. Были времена, когда в Европе очки называли "вампирами, высасывающими глаза", а ведьм и чертей нередко рисовали в очках. Вплоть до 19 века споры о том, нужны ли очки вообще, не прекращались.В 17 же веке появились первые солнцезащитные очки. Обычные очки покрывали краской или лаком. Пробовали для защиты от солнечных лучей даже шлифовать стекла из драгоценных камней или использовать толченые драгоценные камни. Но такие очки стоили дорого, а кроме того при их использовании можно было получить ожег глаз.У северных народов ненцев, эскимосов издавна были распространены очки от снежной слепоты - аналог солнечных. Они изготовлялись из дерева или костей животных, имели узкие разрезы для глаз и использовались для охоты во льдах.Китайцы первые изготовили дымчатые очки из дымчатого кварца. Такие очки носили судьи, чтобы скрывать свое отношение к приговору во время его оглашения при дворе.А в начале 20 века появились современные темные очки, когда впервые было использовано стекло, не пропускающее ультрафиолетовое излучение. Интересно, что раньше употребляли зеленые стекла, но оказалось, что они, пропуская самые яркие лучи спектра, меньше всего достигают цели, стали пользоваться серыми и синими стеклами. Серые дымчатые стекла поглощают все цветные лучи почти одинаково; синие стекла наиболее всего задерживают желтые и оранжевые лучи. на сегодняшний день очки есть у каждого второго жителя нашей планеты.

Answer 1

At a meeting of the Spanish king Philippe V in Madrid in 1701 of 500 court ladies were decorated in his honor with huge points tortoise frames though they had no complaints to sight. In the Moscow Russia data on points arise for the first time in the first third 17 века.только at the end of the 18th century there were points in modern option which kept on ears. Handles of points by means of hinges fastened to a frame. In the beginning they weren't bent at all for ears. Handles could fasten for a wig, or for them bound a lace. With publishing emergence points quickly won popularity among the population. Points for reading were invented in Italy in the XIII century. the founder of the first points is considered to Salvino D'Armat. Improvement of technology brought in the 18th eyelid to emergence of manufactory production of points. Quality of glasses and the frames made in such a way was low. Points became under the motto "it is more cheaper". These "industrial" points generally through vagrant dealers were on sale. The Nuremberg points with a frame from a wire were typical points of that time. The first lenses on points were round. By the end of the 18th eyelid appeared also oval, occasionally met also rectangular линзы.днако, at first people accepted the new invention watchfully. Some called points "the damned tool of a devil". And not at once in society it was unambiguous glasses wearing is apprehended. There were times when in Europe points called "the vampires exhausting eyes", and witches and devils quite often were drawn wearing spectacles. Up to the 19th century disputes on, whether are necessary points in general, didn't stop. In 17 eyelid there were first sunglasses. Usual points coated or is delicious. Tried for protection against sunshine even to grind glasses from jewels or to use pounded jewels. But such points cost much, but also at their use it was possible to receive ожег an eye. At the northern people of Nenets, Eskimos points from a snow blindness - analog solar were long since widespread. They were produced from a tree or bones of animals, had narrow cuts for eyes and were used for hunting in ices. Chinese the first made smoky points of smoky quartz. Such glasses were worn by judges to hide the relation to a sentence during its announcement at court. And at the beginning of the 20th century there were modern dark glasses when the glass which isn't passing ultra-violet radiation for the first time was used. It is interesting that used green glasses earlier, but it appeared that they, passing the brightest beams of a range, least succeed, began to use gray and blue glasses. Gray smoky glasses absorb all color beams almost equally; blue glasses most detain all yellow and orange beams. today every second inhabitant of our planet has points.

Answer 2

At a meeting of the Spanish king Philippe V in Madrid in 1701 of 500 court ladies were decorated in his honor with huge points tortoise frames though they had no complaints to sight. In the Moscow Russia data on points arise for the first time in the first third 17 века.только at the end of the 18th century there were points in modern option which kept on ears. Handles of points by means of hinges fastened to a frame. In the beginning they weren't bent at all for ears. Handles could fasten for a wig, or for them bound a lace. With publishing emergence points quickly won popularity among the population. Points for reading were invented in Italy in the XIII century. the founder of the first points is considered to Salvino D'Armat. Improvement of technology brought in the 18th eyelid to emergence of manufactory production of points. Quality of glasses and the frames made in such a way was low. Points became under the motto "it is more cheaper". These "industrial" points generally through vagrant dealers were on sale. The Nuremberg points with a frame from a wire were typical points of that time. The first lenses on points were round. By the end of the 18th eyelid appeared also oval, occasionally met also rectangular линзы.днако, at first people accepted the new invention watchfully. Some called points "the damned tool of a devil". And not at once in society it was unambiguous glasses wearing is apprehended. There were times when in Europe points called "the vampires exhausting eyes", and witches and devils quite often were drawn wearing spectacles. Up to the 19th century disputes on, whether are necessary points in general, didn't stop. In 17 eyelid there were first sunglasses. Usual points coated or is delicious. Tried for protection against sunshine even to grind glasses from jewels or to use pounded jewels. But such points cost much, but also at their use it was possible to receive ожег an eye. At the northern people of Nenets, Eskimos points from a snow blindness - analog solar were long since widespread. They were produced from a tree or bones of animals, had narrow cuts for eyes and were used for hunting in ices. Chinese the first made smoky points of smoky quartz. Such glasses were worn by judges to hide the relation to a sentence during its announcement at court. And at the beginning of the 20th century there were modern dark glasses when the glass which isn't passing ultra-violet radiation for the first time was used. It is interesting that used green glasses earlier, but it appeared that they, passing the brightest beams of a range, least succeed, began to use gray and blue glasses. Gray smoky glasses absorb all color beams almost equally; blue glasses most detain all yellow and orange beams. today every second inhabitant of our planet has points.