The dog (lat. Canis lupus familiaris) a pet, one of the most common (along with a cat) "companion animals".
Initially domestic dog became a separate species (lat. Canis familiaris), the Linnaeus in 1758, in 1993 reclassified the Smithsonian Institute and American Association of mammalogists in a subspecies of wolf (Canis lupus)[2].
From the Zoological point of view, a dog is a placental mammal Carnivora canine.
Dogs are known for their learning abilities, love of play, social behavior. Withdrawn a special breed of dogs for different purposes: hunting, protection, traction, cartage, etc., as well as decorative rocks (for example, Pekinese, poodle).Usually consider, that originally the dog has served man as a guard animal, but very soon was used for hunting[6].
Quality hunting dogs became, according to anthropologists, the main factor in its domestication. Ancient people in the struggle for survival, searching for the perfect methods of food production.
The hypothesis about the use of dogs to improve the efficiency of hunting by ancient man was experimentally confirmed in 2004, Finnish scientists.