1) NaOH+HNO₃= NaNO₃ + H₂O
Na⁺ + OH⁻+ H⁺ + NO₃⁻= Na⁺ + NO₃⁻ + H₂O
OH⁻+ H⁺ = H₂O
2) AlCl₃+3KOH= 3KCI + AI(OH)₃↓
Al³⁺ + 3Cl⁻ +3K⁺ + 3OH⁻ = 3K⁺ + 3CI⁻ + AI(OH)₃↓
Al³⁺ + 3OH⁻ = AI(OH)₃↓
3) (NH₄)₂SO₄+ 2LiOH + t = Li₂SO₄ + 2NH₃↑ + 2H₂O
2NH₄⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + 2Li⁺ +2OH⁻ + t = 2Li⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + 2NH₃↑ + 2H₂O
2NH₄⁺ + 2OH⁻ + t = 2NH₃↑ +2H₂O
4) Ni(OH)₂+2HCl= NiCI₂ + 2H₂O
Ni(OH)₂+2H⁺ +2Cl⁻ = Ni²⁺ +2CI⁻ + 2H₂O
Ni(OH)₂+2H⁺ = Ni²⁺ + 2H₂O